Detection of Bacteriological Contaminants in Hand-Pump Fitted Borehole Water from a Residential Suburb in Ringim Local Government, Jigawa State

Water from borehole source can be contaminated due to indiscriminate waste disposal. This pilot study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of water from five (5) hand-pump-fitted borehole sources present in Sabon Gari quarters in Ringim Local Government Area of Jigawa State. Presumptive, confirmed and completed tests were employed to determine total and faecal coliforms from the water samples using most probable number (MPN) technique. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbiologicalmethods. Results obtained indicate that all the water samples across all the dilution strengths tested recorded substantial growth of total coliforms at 37.3°C while faecal coliforms were observed at 44°C after incubation for 48 h. Using the MPN table, the five water samples assayed recorded 50 MPN/100mL, 14 MPN/100mL, 3 MPN/100mL, 5 MPN/100mL and 1 MPN/100mL. Results were also positive for gas and acid production in all samples collected characteristic of presence of E. coli. The results obtained in this study show bacterial contamination of the water from the boreholes which may constitute a public health risk. It is therefore recommended that the water pumped from these boreholes should be subjected to  adequate treatment to meet World Health Organization (WHO) required  standard for potable water meant for drinking. Keywords: Boreholes, hand pump, most probable number, total coliforms and faecal coliforms

Indoor air quality assessment of Federal University Dutse Library North West, Nigeria

The present study was aimed at evaluating the number of bacteria and fungi in the indoor environment of Federal University Dutse Library. The sampling site was located in the University main reading room. Forty (40) air samples were collected in the month of June 2018. Air samples comprising of twenty (20) for bacteria and twenty (20) for fungi were taken twice a day; in the morning and afternoon. All the samples were analyzed for the concentration of bacteria and fungi using plate count method. The average bacterial and fungal counts in the library were found to be 240.10 CFU/m3 and 280.60 CFU/m3 respectively and ranged from 132-345 CFU/m3 for bacteria and 180-416 CFU/m3 for fungi respectively. Having subjected the generated results to statistical analysis (T-test at 95% confidence limit), there was no significant difference between microbial loads recorded for bacteria and fungi (p-value=0.000). However, the mean microbial concentration of the library indoor air was within a range which indicates intermediate level of contamination according to the guidelines established in 1993 by the European Community Commission. It is therefore recommended that the surfaces of the library should be kept clean and dry, as the wet condition in the library can cause growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Again, a follow up study is required with a view to detecting seasonal variations of the indoor microbial counts of the library.Keywords: Indoor air quality, pollution, bacterial counts, fungal count

Effect of microorganisms in the bioremediation of spent engine oil and petroleum related environmental pollution

The technological developments currently witnessed in the world regarding the utilization of hydrocarbon related products have increasingly brought about all forms of hydrocarbon related environmental pollution. This current review documents the influence of hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms in bringing about biodegradation of spent engine oil and other petroleum related environmental pollution.  Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and fungi when given optimum environmental  conditions and nutritional requirements have been documented to bring about effective bioremediation of oil polluted environments. This review has compiled the monumental influence of hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms most especially bacteria and fungi in aiding bioremediation of spent engine oil and other petroleum related environmental pollution. Pseudomonas alcaligenes LR14 (59%), Klebsiella aerogenes CR21 (62%), Klebsiella pneumonia CR23 (58%), Bacillus coagulans CR31 (45%) and Pseudomonas putrefacience CR33 (68%) reportedly exhibited spent engine oil polluted soil degradation rate while Fungi like Aspergillus,  Cephalosporium and Pencillium species were also found to be the potential microorganisms responsible for hydrocarbon bioremediation. This current review, equally documents the environmental and nutritional requirements needed by these hydrocarbon oxidizers to accomplish the desired bioremediation process

Artisans’ knowledge and perception on hand-dug well waterborne related diseases in Dutse mechanic village north-west, Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and perception of artisans in Dutse mechanic village regarding hand-dug well waterborne related diseases with the aid of questionnaire. Data were collected from seventy (70) respondents on selected personal attributes and analyzed using descriptive statistics. All the respondents indicated that there are two (2) wells in the mechanic village. The study revealed that a high proportion (80%) of the respondents actively repair automobiles while 4.3% take part in various trading activities. Majority (70%) of the respondents indicated that microbial pollutants can cause waterborne diseases while minority (30%) of the respondent reported a contrary view. Respondents (7.1%) reported to have been diagnosed of waterborne diseases while majority (92.9%) of the respondents reported that they have not been diagnosed of any water borne disease. However, respondents diagnosed of waterborne diseases specified diarrhoea (1.4%), typhoid (1.4%) and urinary tract infection (4.3%). It can be concluded that the artisans are lackadaisical towards ensuring hygienic maintenance of the wells as clearly revealed in the results obtained in this study. It is recommended that the wells in the village should be covered when not in use coupled with drawing water with a well-kept fetcher devoid of microbial loads.Keywords: Hand-dug well, microbial pollutants, waterborne diseases, mechanic villag

Evaluation and comparison of the Amino acid composition of three varieties of Lagerena siceraria melon seed flours

Amino acids of three varieties of Lageneria siceraria seed flours were determined using standard methods of analysis. The three varieties are rich in essential amino acids needed for human health and growth, with a mean of 53.15%. Sulphur amino acid and aromatic amino acid              of the seeds ranged from 17.06 mg/g protein to 24.10 mg/g protein and from 80.22mg/g protein to 89.00 mg/g protein respectively. The varieties of these melon seed flours are closely related; however, there are significant differences (P?0.05) in Cystine, showing that the varieties have some genetic differences. Key Words: Lageneria siceraria seed flours, Essential amino acid, Genetics, Aginine,  Cystine

The Coronal Flap in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – A Case Report

The coronal scalp flap is a versatile and aesthetically pleasing approach for access to the cranial vault, cranial base, forehead, nose, upper and  middle third of the face, and orbits. In spite of its extensive nature, it is associated with few complications when properly planned. Despite, its versatility of the coronal flap, its use by oral and maxillofacial surgeons is limited especially in Nigeria. A case of surgical remodeling of fibrous dysplasia of the right supra orbital bone region using coronal approach is reported. This article highlighted surgical technique of coronal flap and indications for the use of coronal flap in maxillofacial surgery. Similarly, possible complications of the procedure, prevention and management of such complications were also emphasised. Additionally, it is meant to serve as a guide to young practising surgeons in Nigeria. It is our hope that this will embolden young surgeons in Nigeria to employ its use when indicated. Key words: Coronal; flap; maxillofacial; surgery

System Simulation of a Bayesian Network-Based Performance Prediction Model for Data Communication Networks

In this paper, a paradigm of a Bayesian Network–based performance prediction model for computer networks security risk management was emulated. Model simulation was carried out for the prediction model formulated. Java programming language tools were used to simulate, validate and verify the model. The core of simulation program was written in Java programming language. Some jar files were created in the code logic for all the modules in the prediction model. MS-DOS or command prompt was used to compile and run java and jar files. Batch scripts i.e. .bat files were written to compile the jar files. The output of the execution is shown using Java API files. Simulation technology was used in this study to evaluate network performance since it is very costly to deploy a complete test bed containing multiple networked computers, routers and data links to validate and verify the prediction model. The resulting risk impact on network confidentiality, Integrity and availability determine the criticality of the overall network performance which will aid in the effective application of countermeasures to mitigate the effect of network security risks

A new La –Co –CE Mandibular Segmental Defect Classification System with a Surgical Reconstructive Difficulty Ladder

This paper reviewed the unique anatomy of the mandible in relation to reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects with non  vascularized bone grafts. The three distinct surgical - anatomic - reconstructive zones of the mandible and the etiology of the defects were briefly highlighted. A new La-Co-CE mandibular segmental defect classification system was proposed along with a surgical reconstructive difficulty ladder. The advantages and limitations of such a defect classification system were discussed. Further research will explore the relationship between the La-Co-CE defect classification, the surgical reconstructive difficulty ladder, and surgeon and patient reported outcomes